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Treaties

Convention on the Rights of the Child

Best interests of the child, protection from violence and exploitation, the right to be heard.

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Concluded
New York, 20 Nov 1989
In force
2 Sep 1990
Parties
196
Instrument
Treaty
State Signed Bound How
Afghanistan 27 Sep 1990 28 Mar 1994 ratification
Albania 26 Jan 1990 27 Feb 1992 ratification
Algeria 26 Jan 1990 16 Apr 1993 ratification
Andorra 2 Oct 1995 2 Jan 1996 ratification
Angola 14 Feb 1990 5 Dec 1990 ratification
Antigua and Barbuda 12 Mar 1991 5 Oct 1993 ratification
Argentina 29 Jun 1990 4 Dec 1990 ratification
Armenia — 23 Jun 1993 accession
Australia 22 Aug 1990 17 Dec 1990 ratification
Austria 26 Jan 1990 6 Aug 1992 ratification
Azerbaijan — 13 Aug 1992 accession
Bahamas (The) 30 Oct 1990 20 Feb 1991 ratification
Bahrain — 13 Feb 1992 accession
Bangladesh 26 Jan 1990 3 Aug 1990 ratification
Barbados 19 Apr 1990 9 Oct 1990 ratification
Belarus 26 Jan 1990 1 Oct 1990 ratification
Belgium 26 Jan 1990 16 Dec 1991 ratification
Belize 2 Mar 1990 2 May 1990 ratification
Benin 25 Apr 1990 3 Aug 1990 ratification
Bhutan 4 Jun 1990 1 Aug 1990 ratification
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 8 Mar 1990 26 Jun 1990 ratification
Bosnia and Herzegovina — 1 Sep 1993 succession
Botswana — 14 Mar 1995 accession
Brazil 26 Jan 1990 24 Sep 1990 ratification
Brunei Darussalam — 27 Dec 1995 accession
Bulgaria 31 May 1990 3 Jun 1991 ratification
Burkina Faso 26 Jan 1990 31 Aug 1990 ratification
Burundi 8 May 1990 19 Oct 1990 ratification
Cabo Verde — 4 Jun 1992 accession
Cambodia — 15 Oct 1992 accession
Cameroon 25 Sep 1990 11 Jan 1993 ratification
Canada 28 May 1990 13 Dec 1991 ratification
Central African Republic 30 Jul 1990 23 Apr 1992 ratification
Chad 30 Sep 1990 2 Oct 1990 ratification
Chile 26 Jan 1990 13 Aug 1990 ratification
China 29 Aug 1990 2 Mar 1992 ratification
Colombia 26 Jan 1990 28 Jan 1991 ratification
Comoros 30 Sep 1990 22 Jun 1993 ratification
Congo — 14 Oct 1993 accession
Cook Islands — 6 Jun 1997 accession
Costa Rica 26 Jan 1990 21 Aug 1990 ratification
Croatia — 12 Oct 1992 succession
Cuba 26 Jan 1990 21 Aug 1991 ratification
Cyprus 5 Oct 1990 7 Feb 1991 ratification
Czech Republic — 22 Feb 1993 succession
Côte d'Ivoire 26 Jan 1990 4 Feb 1991 ratification
Democratic People's Republic of Korea 23 Aug 1990 21 Sep 1990 ratification
Democratic Republic of the Congo 20 Mar 1990 27 Sep 1990 ratification
Denmark 26 Jan 1990 19 Jul 1991 ratification
Djibouti 30 Sep 1990 6 Dec 1990 ratification
Dominica 26 Jan 1990 13 Mar 1991 ratification
Dominican Republic 8 Aug 1990 11 Jun 1991 ratification
Ecuador 26 Jan 1990 23 Mar 1990 ratification
Egypt 5 Feb 1990 6 Jul 1990 ratification
El Salvador 26 Jan 1990 10 Jul 1990 ratification
Equatorial Guinea — 15 Jun 1992 accession
Eritrea 20 Dec 1993 3 Aug 1994 ratification
Estonia — 21 Oct 1991 accession
Eswatini 22 Aug 1990 7 Sep 1995 ratification
Ethiopia — 14 May 1991 accession
Fiji 2 Jul 1993 13 Aug 1993 ratification
Finland 26 Jan 1990 20 Jun 1991 ratification
France 26 Jan 1990 7 Aug 1990 ratification
Gabon 26 Jan 1990 9 Feb 1994 ratification
Gambia 5 Feb 1990 8 Aug 1990 ratification
Georgia — 2 Jun 1994 accession
Germany 26 Jan 1990 6 Mar 1992 ratification
Ghana 29 Jan 1990 5 Feb 1990 ratification
Greece 26 Jan 1990 11 May 1993 ratification
Grenada 21 Feb 1990 5 Nov 1990 ratification
Guatemala 26 Jan 1990 6 Jun 1990 ratification
Guinea — 13 Jul 1990 accession
Guinea-Bissau 26 Jan 1990 20 Aug 1990 ratification
Guyana 30 Sep 1990 14 Jan 1991 ratification
Haiti 26 Jan 1990 8 Jun 1995 ratification
Holy See 20 Apr 1990 20 Apr 1990 ratification
Honduras 31 May 1990 10 Aug 1990 ratification
Hungary 14 Mar 1990 7 Oct 1991 ratification
Iceland 26 Jan 1990 28 Oct 1992 ratification
India — 11 Dec 1992 accession
Indonesia 26 Jan 1990 5 Sep 1990 ratification
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 5 Sep 1991 13 Jul 1994 ratification
Iraq — 15 Jun 1994 accession
Ireland 30 Sep 1990 28 Sep 1992 ratification
Israel 3 Jul 1990 3 Oct 1991 ratification
Italy 26 Jan 1990 5 Sep 1991 ratification
Jamaica 26 Jan 1990 14 May 1991 ratification
Japan 21 Sep 1990 22 Apr 1994 ratification
Jordan 29 Aug 1990 24 May 1991 ratification
Kazakhstan 16 Feb 1994 12 Aug 1994 ratification
Kenya 26 Jan 1990 30 Jul 1990 ratification
Kiribati — 11 Dec 1995 accession
Kuwait 7 Jun 1990 21 Oct 1991 ratification
Kyrgyzstan — 7 Oct 1994 accession
Lao People's Democratic Republic — 8 May 1991 accession
Latvia — 14 Apr 1992 accession
Lebanon 26 Jan 1990 14 May 1991 ratification
Lesotho 21 Aug 1990 10 Mar 1992 ratification
Liberia 26 Apr 1990 4 Jun 1993 ratification
Libya — 15 Apr 1993 accession
Liechtenstein 30 Sep 1990 22 Dec 1995 ratification
Lithuania — 31 Jan 1992 accession
Luxembourg 21 Mar 1990 7 Mar 1994 ratification
Madagascar 19 Apr 1990 19 Mar 1991 ratification
Malawi — 2 Jan 1991 accession
Malaysia — 17 Feb 1995 accession
Maldives 21 Aug 1990 11 Feb 1991 ratification
Mali 26 Jan 1990 20 Sep 1990 ratification
Malta 26 Jan 1990 30 Sep 1990 ratification
Marshall Islands 14 Apr 1993 4 Oct 1993 ratification
Mauritania 26 Jan 1990 16 May 1991 ratification
Mauritius — 26 Jul 1990 accession
Mexico 26 Jan 1990 21 Sep 1990 ratification
Micronesia (Federated States of) — 5 May 1993 accession
Monaco — 21 Jun 1993 accession
Mongolia 26 Jan 1990 5 Jul 1990 ratification
Montenegro — 23 Oct 2006 succession
Morocco 26 Jan 1990 21 Jun 1993 ratification
Mozambique 30 Sep 1990 26 Apr 1994 ratification
Myanmar — 15 Jul 1991 accession
Namibia 26 Sep 1990 30 Sep 1990 ratification
Naoero — 27 Jul 1994 accession
Nepal 26 Jan 1990 14 Sep 1990 ratification
Netherlands (Kingdom of the) 26 Jan 1990 6 Feb 1995 acceptance
New Zealand 1 Oct 1990 6 Apr 1993 ratification
Nicaragua 6 Feb 1990 5 Oct 1990 ratification
Niger 26 Jan 1990 30 Sep 1990 ratification
Nigeria 26 Jan 1990 19 Apr 1991 ratification
Niue — 20 Dec 1995 accession
North Macedonia — 2 Dec 1993 succession
Norway 26 Jan 1990 8 Jan 1991 ratification
Oman — 9 Dec 1996 accession
Pakistan 20 Sep 1990 12 Nov 1990 ratification
Palau — 4 Aug 1995 accession
Panama 26 Jan 1990 12 Dec 1990 ratification
Papua New Guinea 30 Sep 1990 2 Mar 1993 ratification
Paraguay 4 Apr 1990 25 Sep 1990 ratification
Peru 26 Jan 1990 4 Sep 1990 ratification
Philippines 26 Jan 1990 21 Aug 1990 ratification
Poland 26 Jan 1990 7 Jun 1991 ratification
Portugal 26 Jan 1990 21 Sep 1990 ratification
Qatar 8 Dec 1992 3 Apr 1995 ratification
Republic of Korea 25 Sep 1990 20 Nov 1991 ratification
Republic of Moldova — 26 Jan 1993 accession
Romania 26 Jan 1990 28 Sep 1990 ratification
Russian Federation 26 Jan 1990 16 Aug 1990 ratification
Rwanda 26 Jan 1990 24 Jan 1991 ratification
Samoa 30 Sep 1990 29 Nov 1994 ratification
San Marino — 25 Nov 1991 accession
Sao Tome and Principe — 14 May 1991 accession
Saudi Arabia — 26 Jan 1996 accession
Senegal 26 Jan 1990 31 Jul 1990 ratification
Serbia — 12 Mar 2001 succession
Seychelles — 7 Sep 1990 accession
Sierra Leone 13 Feb 1990 18 Jun 1990 ratification
Singapore — 5 Oct 1995 accession
Slovakia — 28 May 1993 succession
Slovenia — 6 Jul 1992 succession
Solomon Islands — 10 Apr 1995 accession
Somalia 9 May 2002 1 Oct 2015 ratification
South Africa 29 Jan 1993 16 Jun 1995 ratification
South Sudan — 23 Jan 2015 accession
Spain 26 Jan 1990 6 Dec 1990 ratification
Sri Lanka 26 Jan 1990 12 Jul 1991 ratification
St. Kitts and Nevis 26 Jan 1990 24 Jul 1990 ratification
St. Lucia 30 Sep 1990 16 Jun 1993 ratification
St. Vincent and the Grenadines 20 Sep 1993 26 Oct 1993 ratification
State of Palestine — 2 Apr 2014 accession
Sudan 24 Jul 1990 3 Aug 1990 ratification
Suriname 26 Jan 1990 1 Mar 1993 ratification
Sweden 26 Jan 1990 29 Jun 1990 ratification
Switzerland 1 May 1991 24 Feb 1997 ratification
Syrian Arab Republic 18 Sep 1990 15 Jul 1993 ratification
Tajikistan — 26 Oct 1993 accession
Thailand — 27 Mar 1992 accession
Timor-Leste — 16 Apr 2003 accession
Togo 26 Jan 1990 1 Aug 1990 ratification
Tonga — 6 Nov 1995 accession
Trinidad and Tobago 30 Sep 1990 5 Dec 1991 ratification
Tunisia 26 Feb 1990 30 Jan 1992 ratification
Turkmenistan — 20 Sep 1993 accession
Tuvalu — 22 Sep 1995 accession
Türkiye 14 Sep 1990 4 Apr 1995 ratification
Uganda 17 Aug 1990 17 Aug 1990 ratification
Ukraine 21 Feb 1990 28 Aug 1991 ratification
United Arab Emirates — 3 Jan 1997 accession
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 19 Apr 1990 16 Dec 1991 ratification
United Republic of Tanzania 1 Jun 1990 10 Jun 1991 ratification
United States of America 16 Feb 1995 — Signature only
Uruguay 26 Jan 1990 20 Nov 1990 ratification
Uzbekistan — 29 Jun 1994 accession
Vanuatu 30 Sep 1990 7 Jul 1993 ratification
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 26 Jan 1990 13 Sep 1990 ratification
Viet Nam 26 Jan 1990 28 Feb 1990 ratification
Yemen 13 Feb 1990 1 May 1991 ratification
Zambia 30 Sep 1990 6 Dec 1991 ratification
Zimbabwe 8 Mar 1990 11 Sep 1990 ratification
How do we know? Imported from the source; not yet checked by a person.

UN Treaty Collection published this; the platform retrieved it 9 November 2026. Imported from the source; not yet checked by a person.

Source

Source
UN Treaty Collection
Original
https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&clang=_en&mtdsg_no=IV-11&chapter=4 ↗
Licence
Public depositary record
Retrieved
9 November 2026

Version

Status
Active
Valid from
2 September 1990
Reviewed
Imported from the source; not yet checked by a person.

Authority

Record type
Treaty
Domains
treaties, rights, child-safety, family

Where this comes from

Licence
Public depositary record
Retrieved
9 Nov 2026
Reviewed
Unreviewed