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Treaties

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

The framework for international climate cooperation.

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Concluded
New York, 9 May 1992
In force
21 Mar 1994
Parties
198
Instrument
Treaty
State Signed Bound How
Afghanistan 12 Jun 1992 19 Sep 2002 ratification
Albania — 3 Oct 1994 accession
Algeria 13 Jun 1992 9 Jun 1993 ratification
Andorra — 2 Mar 2011 accession
Angola 14 Jun 1992 17 May 2000 ratification
Antigua and Barbuda 4 Jun 1992 2 Feb 1993 ratification
Argentina 12 Jun 1992 11 Mar 1994 ratification
Armenia 13 Jun 1992 14 May 1993 acceptance
Australia 4 Jun 1992 30 Dec 1992 ratification
Austria 8 Jun 1992 28 Feb 1994 ratification
Azerbaijan 12 Jun 1992 16 May 1995 ratification
Bahamas (The) 12 Jun 1992 29 Mar 1994 ratification
Bahrain 8 Jun 1992 28 Dec 1994 ratification
Bangladesh 9 Jun 1992 15 Apr 1994 ratification
Barbados 12 Jun 1992 23 Mar 1994 ratification
Belarus 11 Jun 1992 11 May 2000 approval
Belgium 4 Jun 1992 16 Jan 1996 ratification
Belize 13 Jun 1992 31 Oct 1994 ratification
Benin 13 Jun 1992 30 Jun 1994 ratification
Bhutan 11 Jun 1992 25 Aug 1995 ratification
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 10 Jun 1992 3 Oct 1994 ratification
Bosnia and Herzegovina — 7 Sep 2000 accession
Botswana 12 Jun 1992 27 Jan 1994 ratification
Brazil 4 Jun 1992 28 Feb 1994 ratification
Brunei Darussalam — 7 Aug 2007 accession
Bulgaria 5 Jun 1992 12 May 1995 ratification
Burkina Faso 12 Jun 1992 2 Sep 1993 ratification
Burundi 11 Jun 1992 6 Jan 1997 ratification
Cabo Verde 12 Jun 1992 29 Mar 1995 ratification
Cambodia — 18 Dec 1995 accession
Cameroon 14 Jun 1992 19 Oct 1994 ratification
Canada 12 Jun 1992 4 Dec 1992 ratification
Central African Republic 13 Jun 1992 10 Mar 1995 ratification
Chad 12 Jun 1992 7 Jun 1994 ratification
Chile 13 Jun 1992 22 Dec 1994 ratification
China 11 Jun 1992 5 Jan 1993 ratification
Colombia 13 Jun 1992 22 Mar 1995 ratification
Comoros 11 Jun 1992 31 Oct 1994 ratification
Congo 12 Jun 1992 14 Oct 1996 ratification
Cook Islands 12 Jun 1992 20 Apr 1993 ratification
Costa Rica 13 Jun 1992 26 Aug 1994 ratification
Croatia 11 Jun 1992 8 Apr 1996 acceptance
Cuba 13 Jun 1992 5 Jan 1994 ratification
Cyprus 12 Jun 1992 15 Oct 1997 ratification
Czech Republic 18 Jun 1993 7 Oct 1993 approval
Côte d'Ivoire 10 Jun 1992 29 Nov 1994 ratification
Democratic People's Republic of Korea 11 Jun 1992 5 Dec 1994 approval
Democratic Republic of the Congo 11 Jun 1992 9 Jan 1995 ratification
Denmark 9 Jun 1992 21 Dec 1993 ratification
Djibouti 12 Jun 1992 27 Aug 1995 ratification
Dominica — 21 Jun 1993 accession
Dominican Republic 12 Jun 1992 7 Oct 1998 ratification
Ecuador 9 Jun 1992 23 Feb 1993 ratification
Egypt 9 Jun 1992 5 Dec 1994 ratification
El Salvador 13 Jun 1992 4 Dec 1995 ratification
Equatorial Guinea — 16 Aug 2000 accession
Eritrea — 24 Apr 1995 accession
Estonia 12 Jun 1992 27 Jul 1994 ratification
Eswatini 12 Jun 1992 7 Oct 1996 ratification
Ethiopia 10 Jun 1992 5 Apr 1994 ratification
European Union 13 Jun 1992 21 Dec 1993 approval
Fiji 9 Oct 1992 25 Feb 1993 ratification
Finland 4 Jun 1992 3 May 1994 acceptance
France 13 Jun 1992 25 Mar 1994 ratification
Gabon 12 Jun 1992 21 Jan 1998 ratification
Gambia 12 Jun 1992 10 Jun 1994 ratification
Georgia — 29 Jul 1994 accession
Germany 12 Jun 1992 9 Dec 1993 ratification
Ghana 12 Jun 1992 6 Sep 1995 ratification
Greece 12 Jun 1992 4 Aug 1994 ratification
Grenada 3 Dec 1992 11 Aug 1994 ratification
Guatemala 13 Jun 1992 15 Dec 1995 ratification
Guinea 12 Jun 1992 7 May 1993 ratification
Guinea-Bissau 12 Jun 1992 27 Oct 1995 ratification
Guyana 13 Jun 1992 29 Aug 1994 ratification
Haiti 13 Jun 1992 25 Sep 1996 ratification
Holy See — 6 Jul 2022 accession
Honduras 13 Jun 1992 19 Oct 1995 ratification
Hungary 13 Jun 1992 24 Feb 1994 ratification
Iceland 4 Jun 1992 16 Jun 1993 ratification
India 10 Jun 1992 1 Nov 1993 ratification
Indonesia 5 Jun 1992 23 Aug 1994 ratification
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 14 Jun 1992 18 Jul 1996 ratification
Iraq — 28 Jul 2009 accession
Ireland 13 Jun 1992 20 Apr 1994 ratification
Israel 4 Jun 1992 4 Jun 1996 ratification
Italy 5 Jun 1992 15 Apr 1994 ratification
Jamaica 12 Jun 1992 6 Jan 1995 ratification
Japan 13 Jun 1992 28 May 1993 acceptance
Jordan 11 Jun 1992 12 Nov 1993 ratification
Kazakhstan 8 Jun 1992 17 May 1995 ratification
Kenya 12 Jun 1992 30 Aug 1994 ratification
Kiribati 13 Jun 1992 7 Feb 1995 ratification
Kuwait — 28 Dec 1994 accession
Kyrgyzstan — 25 May 2000 accession
Lao People's Democratic Republic — 4 Jan 1995 accession
Latvia 11 Jun 1992 23 Mar 1995 ratification
Lebanon 12 Jun 1992 15 Dec 1994 ratification
Lesotho 11 Jun 1992 7 Feb 1995 ratification
Liberia 12 Jun 1992 5 Nov 2002 ratification
Libya 29 Jun 1992 14 Jun 1999 ratification
Liechtenstein 4 Jun 1992 22 Jun 1994 ratification
Lithuania 11 Jun 1992 24 Mar 1995 ratification
Luxembourg 9 Jun 1992 9 May 1994 ratification
Madagascar 10 Jun 1992 2 Jun 1999 ratification
Malawi 10 Jun 1992 21 Apr 1994 ratification
Malaysia 9 Jun 1993 13 Jul 1994 ratification
Maldives 12 Jun 1992 9 Nov 1992 ratification
Mali 30 Sep 1992 28 Dec 1994 ratification
Malta 12 Jun 1992 17 Mar 1994 ratification
Marshall Islands 12 Jun 1992 8 Oct 1992 ratification
Mauritania 12 Jun 1992 20 Jan 1994 ratification
Mauritius 10 Jun 1992 4 Sep 1992 ratification
Mexico 13 Jun 1992 11 Mar 1993 ratification
Micronesia (Federated States of) 12 Jun 1992 18 Nov 1993 ratification
Monaco 11 Jun 1992 20 Nov 1992 ratification
Mongolia 12 Jun 1992 30 Sep 1993 ratification
Montenegro — 23 Oct 2006 succession
Morocco 13 Jun 1992 28 Dec 1995 ratification
Mozambique 12 Jun 1992 25 Aug 1995 ratification
Myanmar 11 Jun 1992 25 Nov 1994 ratification
Namibia 12 Jun 1992 16 May 1995 ratification
Naoero 8 Jun 1992 11 Nov 1993 ratification
Nepal 12 Jun 1992 2 May 1994 ratification
Netherlands (Kingdom of the) 4 Jun 1992 20 Dec 1993 acceptance
New Zealand 4 Jun 1992 16 Sep 1993 ratification
Nicaragua 13 Jun 1992 31 Oct 1995 ratification
Niger 11 Jun 1992 25 Jul 1995 ratification
Nigeria 13 Jun 1992 29 Aug 1994 ratification
Niue — 28 Feb 1996 accession
North Macedonia — 28 Jan 1998 accession
Norway 4 Jun 1992 9 Jul 1993 ratification
Oman 11 Jun 1992 8 Feb 1995 ratification
Pakistan 13 Jun 1992 1 Jun 1994 ratification
Palau — 10 Dec 1999 accession
Panama 18 Mar 1993 23 May 1995 ratification
Papua New Guinea 13 Jun 1992 16 Mar 1993 ratification
Paraguay 12 Jun 1992 24 Feb 1994 ratification
Peru 12 Jun 1992 7 Jun 1993 ratification
Philippines 12 Jun 1992 2 Aug 1994 ratification
Poland 5 Jun 1992 28 Jul 1994 ratification
Portugal 13 Jun 1992 21 Dec 1993 ratification
Qatar — 18 Apr 1996 accession
Republic of Korea 13 Jun 1992 14 Dec 1993 ratification
Republic of Moldova 12 Jun 1992 9 Jun 1995 ratification
Romania 5 Jun 1992 8 Jun 1994 ratification
Russian Federation 13 Jun 1992 28 Dec 1994 ratification
Rwanda 10 Jun 1992 18 Aug 1998 ratification
Samoa 12 Jun 1992 29 Nov 1994 ratification
San Marino 10 Jun 1992 28 Oct 1994 ratification
Sao Tome and Principe 12 Jun 1992 29 Sep 1999 ratification
Saudi Arabia — 28 Dec 1994 accession
Senegal 13 Jun 1992 17 Oct 1994 ratification
Serbia — 12 Mar 2001 accession
Seychelles 10 Jun 1992 22 Sep 1992 ratification
Sierra Leone 11 Feb 1993 22 Jun 1995 ratification
Singapore 13 Jun 1992 29 May 1997 ratification
Slovakia 19 May 1993 25 Aug 1994 approval
Slovenia 13 Jun 1992 1 Dec 1995 ratification
Solomon Islands 13 Jun 1992 28 Dec 1994 ratification
Somalia — 11 Sep 2009 accession
South Africa 15 Jun 1993 29 Aug 1997 ratification
South Sudan — 17 Feb 2014 accession
Spain 13 Jun 1992 21 Dec 1993 ratification
Sri Lanka 10 Jun 1992 23 Nov 1993 ratification
St. Kitts and Nevis 12 Jun 1992 7 Jan 1993 ratification
St. Lucia 14 Jun 1993 14 Jun 1993 ratification
St. Vincent and the Grenadines — 2 Dec 1996 accession
State of Palestine — 18 Dec 2015 accession
Sudan 9 Jun 1992 19 Nov 1993 ratification
Suriname 13 Jun 1992 14 Oct 1997 ratification
Sweden 8 Jun 1992 23 Jun 1993 ratification
Switzerland 12 Jun 1992 10 Dec 1993 ratification
Syrian Arab Republic — 4 Jan 1996 accession
Tajikistan — 7 Jan 1998 accession
Thailand 12 Jun 1992 28 Dec 1994 ratification
Timor-Leste — 10 Oct 2006 accession
Togo 12 Jun 1992 8 Mar 1995 acceptance
Tonga — 20 Jul 1998 accession
Trinidad and Tobago 11 Jun 1992 24 Jun 1994 ratification
Tunisia 13 Jun 1992 15 Jul 1993 ratification
Turkmenistan — 5 Jun 1995 accession
Tuvalu 8 Jun 1992 26 Oct 1993 ratification
Türkiye — 24 Feb 2004 accession
Uganda 13 Jun 1992 8 Sep 1993 ratification
Ukraine 11 Jun 1992 13 May 1997 ratification
United Arab Emirates — 29 Dec 1995 accession
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 12 Jun 1992 8 Dec 1993 ratification
United Republic of Tanzania 12 Jun 1992 17 Apr 1996 ratification
United States of America 12 Jun 1992 15 Oct 1992 ratification
Uruguay 4 Jun 1992 18 Aug 1994 ratification
Uzbekistan — 20 Jun 1993 accession
Vanuatu 9 Jun 1992 25 Mar 1993 ratification
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 12 Jun 1992 28 Dec 1994 ratification
Viet Nam 11 Jun 1992 16 Nov 1994 ratification
Yemen 12 Jun 1992 21 Feb 1996 ratification
Zambia 11 Jun 1992 28 May 1993 ratification
Zimbabwe 12 Jun 1992 3 Nov 1992 ratification
How do we know? Imported from the source; not yet checked by a person.

UN Treaty Collection published this; the platform retrieved it 9 November 2026. Imported from the source; not yet checked by a person.

Source

Source
UN Treaty Collection
Original
https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&clang=_en&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7&chapter=27 ↗
Licence
Public depositary record
Retrieved
9 November 2026

Version

Status
Active
Valid from
21 March 1994
Reviewed
Imported from the source; not yet checked by a person.

Authority

Record type
Treaty
Domains
treaties, climate-law, environment

Where this comes from

Licence
Public depositary record
Retrieved
9 Nov 2026
Reviewed
Unreviewed